Comparable estimates of out-of-pocket payment on hospitalisation and outpatient services in India, 2004-18

BackgroundComparable estimates of household health spending and out-of-pocket (OOP) payment on care in India are a daunting task. Often these provided for specific services such as maternal care, type disease, hospitalisation, outpatient an episode hospitalisation. This paper presents comprehensive comparable hospitalisation over the past 15 years.MethodsA total 73,868 households 2004, 65,932 2014, 113,823 2018 surveyed 60th, 71st, 75th rounds NSSO surveys, respectively, were used analysis. Descriptive statistics, concentration index, two-part regression, logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe utilisation has increased time. During 2004–18, mean adjusted OOP at prices was 308 US$ 2004,353 2014 332 by 2018. Reimbursement medical only 2%, 7% 11% respectively. Both inpatient showed large inter-state variations. The significantly higher among richer urban households, without insurance, having elderly member female-headed households.ConclusionThough inpatient, recent years had declined, share expenditure remained high time majority not yet covered under any protection scheme India.